[LDi] Liquid Dynamics International Liquid Dynamics International Inc. Click here to: Contact Liquid Dynamics Liquid Dynamics offers pulsation, vibration, and shock analysis, diagnostics, and software models. Fluid Flow Control Animations
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EXPRESSIONS
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Head loss, surge pressure

Friction losses

Volume inefficiency

Velocity jump shock

Nomogram Frequency vs. Pipe ID

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Check the amplitude of any highly excitational pressure spikes
In pump literature a.k.a. "Velocity Jump" causing "Joukowsky shock"

amplitude of highly excitational pressure spikes
You can reduce "Velocity Jump Shock" to a generally insignificant figure in 4 simple steps:
1. Select a dampener with an ID 12 times the diameter of the inlet connection. 2. Have an outlet 1/2 the area of the inlet. 3. Increase the volume by 3 times the inefficiency. 4. Decrease the cushion pre-fill pressure proportionately to the volume increase, from 80% of system pressure to as low as 50%.


The combined effect of mass acceleration, velocity jump, pressure wave acoustics, fittings and pipe resistance all in a time dependent frame, along with valve action, and pump characteristics may be modeled for you by: LDi PulseView software. This is not a free service. Please complete input data set tabulation.

 
Example: Actual results depend on stroke radius to connecting mechanism length, etc. Flow Velocity for crank shaft angle 180 degrees of pump rotation The velocity to which the liquid has to leap from being static in zero time 3.2 x rated flow @ 50% volumetric efficiency 2.6 x rated flow @ 64% volumetric efficiency 2.175 x rated flow @ 77.5% volumetric efficiency 1.6 x rated flow @ 87% volumetric efficiency 0.7 x rated flow @ 96.68% volumetric efficiency Pressure Time – 180 degrees of pump rotation Velocity Jump Shock Acceleration Head Theoretical steady state pipeline pressure How system pressure reacts Follow the red to green boundary Valve bounce
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Liquid Dynamics International provides pipeline and pump user problem analysis, diagnostics, prediction by software, pulsation analysis, piping system analysis, and piping system simulation. For water hammer and shock solutions pulsation dampening and shock alleviating devices can be obtained from our associate websites.

PulseGuard Inc., and Ltd. for further information about pulsation dampeners / pulsation dampers.
PulseGuard. USA: Pulsation Dampeners | Pulsation-Dampeners.com: Pulsation Dampeners
PulseGuard Limited: Pulsation Dampers | PulseGuard für Deutschland: Pulsationsdämpfer

Large pressure vessels, jumbo bladders, float separator / big bellows type pipeline surge attenuators and
expansion / contraction volume compensators, surge alleviators, and shock alleviators.
Shock-Guard. USA: Surge Alleviators | Water-Hammer.com: Water Hammer
ShockGuard.co.uk: Shock Alleviators | Suction-Stabilizers: Suction Stabilizers

Information about energy saving in pumping systems, standby emergency power, safety shutdown systems,
hydraulic accumulators, and hydropneumatic accumulators.
Accumulators-Hyd: Hydraulic Accumulators
Accumulators.co.uk: Hydropneumatic Accumulators | HydroTrole: Hydraulic and Control Engineering

Protection against excess flow. Protect against toxic spills when pipes burst, guard against gushers and fluid
loss when hoses split. Flow-Guard against excess flow floods with flow fuses and breather bags.
FlowGuard: Flow-Guard - Flow Fuses and Breather Bags

Fluid Flow Control Fluid-Flow-Control.com The Fluid Flow Control Source Pumps Accumulators Filters Dampers Heat Exchangers Valves Mixers P.I. / Pressure Indicators Controls Meters Vessels