[LDi] Liquid Dynamics International Liquid Dynamics International Inc. Click here to: Contact Liquid Dynamics Liquid Dynamics offers pulsation, vibration, and shock analysis, diagnostics, and software models. Fluid Flow Control Animations
Animations
 

INTERPRETING
OSCILLOGRAPHS
Pub 2 Main Menu

6 examples

Gear & Packed Plunger Systems

Dosing, Air Op. &"Metering" Systems

Plunger & Valve Motions

Multi Plunger & Centrifugal Systems

Acceptable Maximums

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LDi Catalog Printable PDF19

LDi Pulsation Analysis - target image A Typical "power" pump / API 674 system design.
Centrifugal system startup surge wave, backflow bang, valve deceleration hammer.

Centrifugal
systems
Centrifugal Systems
Multiplunger systems
Multiplex Plunger System

Multiplex / "Power" / API 674 Systems
For pump related pulse signatures see page P18
For RV-23 & controller 18 related pulse signature, Please see P15 item 6 bottom left.
Note: changes in value of any other red number will change frequency and amplitude of pulsation.
Multiplex Power System
Centrifugal pumping systems
Many additional "signatures" are from shaft deflection.
Pump Startup SurgeShut Down Back-Flow Bang
Valve Close Hammer

Centrifugal

 
Supply Filter strainer return controller spill back line sump Heat exchanger Multiplex RPM Restriction or Orifice Block valves Pressure indicators Meter Final resistance Pump start-up surge – into a pipe that is full Shut down back flow bang – in a 150 yard pipe continues to flow away from pump, sucks out avacuum, comes to a halt, rushes back to fill the void, pipe is dissipative Rapid valve closure hammer – valve slams in 0.1 seconds / 100 ms 14. Compressibility in parts of a Liter per Bar pressure change (ex. 50e–6, 19.6e–5, 11.39e–4) 14. Compressibility in parts of a Liter per Bar pressure change (ex. 50e–6, 19.6e–5, 11.39e–4) 13. Elasticity of pipe wall (ex. Steel 2e+11, concrete 4.2e+10, PVC 2.89e+9) 13. Elasticity of pipe wall (ex. Steel 2e+11, concrete 4.2e+10, PVC 2.89e+9) 12. Pressure resistance at end 13. Elasticity of pipe wall (ex. Steel 2e+11, concrete 4.2e+10, PVC 2.89e+9) 12. Pressure resistance at end 11. Total pipe run length 12. Pressure resistance at end 11. Total pipe run length 10. Average pipe diameter 10. Average pipe diameter 7. Or Pump spin down time 6. Valve closure time after pump start 7. Or Pump spin up time (whichever is slower) 5. Delta P of restrictions 5. Delta P of restrictions 4. Diameter of pipe 5. Delta P of restrictions 4. Diameter of pipe 3. Supply Length 4. Diameter of pipe 3. Supply Length 2. Positive suction head Negative suction head 2. Positive suction head Negative suction head 1. Nitrogen or air pad pressure in top of tank, bars 1. Nitrogen or air pad pressure in top of tank, bars 1. Nitrogen or air pad pressure in top of tank, bars 2. Positive suction head Negative suction head 3. Supply Length 6. Valve closure time after pump start 7. Or Pump spin up time (whichever is slower) 10. Average pipe diameter 11. Total pipe run length Valve closure time 14. Compressibility in parts of a Liter per Bar pressure change (ex. 50e–6, 19.6e–5, 11.39e–4)
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Phone USA 910.270.2737
PO Box 506 Hampstead, NC 28443 USA
UK (for EC) --44(0)161-480-9625
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Liquid Dynamics International provides pipeline and pump user problem analysis, diagnostics, prediction by software, pulsation analysis, piping system analysis, and piping system simulation. For water hammer and shock solutions pulsation dampening and shock alleviating devices can be obtained from our associate websites.

PulseGuard Inc., and Ltd. for further information about pulsation dampeners / pulsation dampers.
PulseGuard. USA: Pulsation Dampeners | Pulsation-Dampeners.com: Pulsation Dampeners
PulseGuard Limited: Pulsation Dampers | PulseGuard für Deutschland: Pulsationsdämpfer

Large pressure vessels, jumbo bladders, float separator / big bellows type pipeline surge attenuators and
expansion / contraction volume compensators, surge alleviators, and shock alleviators.
Shock-Guard. USA: Surge Alleviators | Water-Hammer.com: Water Hammer
ShockGuard.co.uk: Shock Alleviators | Suction-Stabilizers: Suction Stabilizers

Information about energy saving in pumping systems, standby emergency power, safety shutdown systems,
hydraulic accumulators, and hydropneumatic accumulators.
Accumulators-Hyd: Hydraulic Accumulators
Accumulators.co.uk: Hydropneumatic Accumulators | HydroTrole: Hydraulic and Control Engineering

Protection against excess flow. Protect against toxic spills when pipes burst, guard against gushers and fluid
loss when hoses split. Flow-Guard against excess flow floods with flow fuses and breather bags.
FlowGuard: Flow-Guard - Flow Fuses and Breather Bags

Fluid Flow Control Fluid-Flow-Control.com The Fluid Flow Control Source Pumps Accumulators Filters Dampers Heat Exchangers Valves Mixers P.I. / Pressure Indicators Controls Meters Vessels